The n-back task is a demanding test of working memory and sustained attention. Letters appear one at a time; flag each one that matches the letter shown a set number of steps earlier.
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This measures working memory and sustained attention together: tracking a stream and matching each item to the one a fixed number of steps back. It is a demanding test of the continuously updated mental scratchpad pilots rely on.
As each letter appears, say the current letter and the one before it silently, then check whether this letter matches the one from two steps ago. Do not try to hold a longer chain; keep exactly two items in your window, overwrite the older one on every beat, and decide match or no-match before the next letter lands.
The 2-back task forces you to update your memory on every beat while suppressing what came before, the same demand as tracking the current version of a clearance while a controller amends it partway through. Balanced accuracy above 70 percent is a solid benchmark, and steady gains across sessions reflect genuine working-memory improvement rather than a lucky run.
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