071 ATPL subject guide
Operational Procedures
Operational Procedures sits at the intersection of regulation and real-world airline or IFR operations.
- Subject code
- 071
- Difficulty
- Medium
- Key topics
- 3
Worked example questions
Independently authored revision questions in the same multiple-choice format as the exam. Try each one before opening the answer.
Worked example: contaminated runway landing distance
Not quite. The correct answer is C.
Correct answer: C
- A. This is the uncorrected dry distance. It ignores that standing water lengthens the ground roll through reduced wheel braking and possible hydroplaning.
- B. This applies a 15 per cent wet-runway style addition instead of the contamination factor given in the stem. Contaminated-runway factors are supplied by the performance data, not a generic percentage.
- C. Correct: 1400 m multiplied by the given factor of 2.0 is 2800 m, the distance the crew must have available before committing to the approach.
- D. This divides instead of multiplies. A contamination factor always lengthens the required distance, it never shortens it.
Step by step
- Identify the base figure: the unfactored dry landing distance is 1400 m.
- Identify the operation: standing water is a contaminant, so the dry figure must be corrected upward, not used as published.
- Apply the given factor: 1400 m x 2.0 = 2800 m.
- Compare against the runway available before dispatch; if the runway is shorter than 2800 m, the landing cannot be planned there under these conditions.
Worked example: holdover time and de-icing
Not quite. The correct answer is B.
Correct answer: B
- A. This treats the holdover time as a countdown to depart against rather than a guarantee that stops applying the moment conditions change or a new pre-take-off check is due; a fresh contamination check of the critical surfaces is still required before every take-off.
- B. Correct: holdover time is a guide to when re-treatment is likely needed, not a substitute for confirming the actual state of the wings and control surfaces immediately before take-off.
- C. Re-treatment may well be needed, but committing to it without first checking the surfaces skips the actual safety action, which is confirming whether contamination is present at all.
- D. Holdover tables key on more than temperature; re-reading temperature alone does not extend a table value or replace a physical check of the surfaces.
Step by step
- Recognise what a holdover time is: an estimate of how long anti-icing protection can be expected to remain effective in given conditions, not a fixed permission to depart.
- Note that 35 minutes have passed against a 40 minute estimate, so protection is plausible but not certain.
- Apply the actual rule: a pre-take-off check of the critical surfaces is required whenever conditions or elapsed time raise doubt, regardless of whether the clock has technically run out.
- Only depart once that check confirms the surfaces are free of contamination; if not, re-treat and reset the holdover clock.
What this subject asks of you
It is easier to retain when you link each procedure to the environment where it matters.
What the paper tests
Procedure-rich operational knowledgeWhy it matters
This paper checks whether you understand how published information, special operations, and abnormal procedures influence safe and compliant operations.Best next step
Use timed practice and spaced recall together so weak areas come back before they decay.
Compare ATPL subject difficulty
Compare ATPL subject difficulty
Key topics
NOTAMs, AIP structure, and operational documentation
Dangerous goods, emergency procedures, and abnormal situations
Special operations such as RVSM, ETOPS, and contingency procedures
How to study it
- Attach each procedure to a clear operational scenario rather than memorising isolated lists.
- Revise document structure and terminology because many questions test where information is published.
- Use spaced recall for dangerous goods classes and special-operation requirements.
Where Operational Procedures candidates lose marks
Common traps
- Confusing information-source terminology such as AIP, NOTAM, and related publications.
- Losing precision on contingency or emergency wording.
- Treating dangerous goods as a minor subtopic and then missing easy marks.
The hardest Operational Procedures exam areas
Where candidates actually lose marks in 071, and why.
ETOPS diversion planning
Students learn the 60-minute threshold as a slogan without understanding that it is a still-air diversion time flown at a defined one-engine-inoperative speed, so questions that change the reference speed or ask about adequate versus suitable aerodromes catch half-learned answers.Windshear recovery technique
The escape manoeuvre has a specific order of priorities, maximum thrust and pitch to the stall warning margin before any thought of reconfiguring, and stems that offer a plausible but reordered sequence take more marks than the pure recognition questions do.Low visibility operating categories
CAT I, II and III differ across three linked variables at once (decision height, runway visual range, and required equipment and training), and the exam exploits students who have memorised one number in isolation without the other two.
Frequently asked questions
Is Operational Procedures mostly memory-based?
Is Operational Procedures mostly memory-based?
What is the best way to study Operational Procedures?
What is the best way to study Operational Procedures?
Operational Procedures topic deep dives
Operational Procedures topic deep dives
Focused guides to the 071 topics students search for most, each with a fully worked example and the common mistakes.
Topic guide
ETOPS Explained
ETOPS for the ATPL exam: why twins face a diversion time rule, the 60-minute threshold, approved extensions, and adequate versus suitable aerodromes.
Read the guideTopic guide
Low Visibility Operations: CAT II and III
Low visibility operations for the ATPL exam: what changes between CAT I, II and III approaches, the commonly quoted DH and RVR bands, LVP and LVTO.
Read the guideTopic guide
Windshear and Microburst
Windshear and microburst for the ATPL exam: why the headwind-then-tailwind sequence kills energy, recognition cues, and the escape manoeuvre.
Read the guideTopic guide
Dangerous Goods: What Pilots Must Know
Dangerous goods for the ATPL exam: the hazard class system, why some goods never fly, hidden dangerous goods in baggage, the NOTOC, and emergency response.
Read the guideFree tools for this subject
Free tools for this subject
Practise what Operational Procedures tests, free and without an account.
Free tool
EASA Fuel Planning Calculator
Contingency and final reserve are operational-procedure requirements as much as maths. Build the block fuel figure with taxi, trip, contingency, alternate, reserve and extra shown against CAT.OP.MPA.181.
Open the toolQuestion bank
Practice Operational Procedures questions
Exam-style 071 Operational Procedures questions with explanations, spaced repetition, and timed mock exams. Free to start.
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Read guideTurn Operational Procedures revision into actual practice.
The SkyStudy question bank turns Operational Procedures revision into practice.
Exam-style questions, mock exams, spaced repetition and progress tracking.
Subject knowledge becomes exam performance instead of passive reading.